Repeated Electroconvulsive Shock Treatment Induces Two Humoral Anti-Depressive Factors in Mouse

Repeated Electroconvulsive Shock Produces Long-lasting Increases

Electroconvulsive shock (ECS) is a highly effective therapy for the treatment of major depression, but its mechanisms of action are not known. We report that repeated ECS in rats produces enduring changes in two clinically relevant stress-responsive brain systems: (a) the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulated by corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the paraventricular nucleus; and (...

Blood-borne humoral factors in the pathophysiology of circulatory shock.

Repeated Long-Term DT Application in the DEREG Mouse Induces a Neutralizing Anti-DT Antibody Response

Regulatory T (Tregs) cells play an important role in mediating tolerance to self-antigens but can also mediate detrimental tolerance to tumours and pathogens in a Foxp3-dependent manner. Genetic tools exploiting the foxp3 locus including bacterial artificial chromosome- (BAC-) transgenic DEpletion of REGulatory T cells (DEREG) mice have provided essential information on Treg biology and the pot...

Heat shock protein 60 induces inflammatory mediators in mouse adipocytes.

Adipocytes represent an important cellular source of inflammatory mediators. However, the signals for the induction of proinflammatory adipocyte activities are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that heat shock protein (Hsp) 60, a potent stimulator of innate immunity, induces the release of the inflammatory mediators interleukin-6, CXCL1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in a time- and ...

Treatment Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) on the Hippocampus in Major Depressive Disorder

Major Depressive Disorder S. H. Joshi1, R. Espinoza2, T. Pirnia1, J. Shi4, Y. Wang4, Brandon Ayers3, A. Leaver1, R. P. Woods1, 2, and K. L. Narr 1, 2 1Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; 2Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; 3Department...